1. On July 31, local time, we learned that US officials said that US President Trump has ordered a new round of attacks against Iran in order to force Tehran to surrender. The relevant action is likely to begin as early as this weekend and continue for several days. 2. US President Trump told the media at the cabinet meeting that the US did not agree to Ukraine's production of “Patriot” air defense system interceptor bombs. He said that the US side “must be very careful” in allowing other countries to manufacture such weapons. 3. The US military central command said, “The Iranian government once again claims that it has closed the Strait of Hormuz. This is untrue news.” The US Army Central Command said, “The Strait of Hormuz remains open to merchant shipping traffic. 4. According to data released by the international shipping information platform “Maritime Traffic Website” on July 31, the number of ships passing through the Strait of Hormuz on the 30th dropped from 22 the previous day to 5, a drop of 77%. 5. According to reports, Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Walsh is considering reducing the frequency of the Fed's regular policy meetings. Walsh presented a proposal to adjust the frequency of meetings at the Federal Open Market Committee meeting this week. 6. According to reports, in the New York foreign exchange market on the 31st, the exchange rate of yen against the US dollar strengthened rapidly, and at one point rose to around the middle of the US dollar to 157 yen. The Japanese government and the Bank of Japan implemented exchange rate intervention to buy yen for the second day in a row after 30 days. 7. Two people familiar with the matter said that as OpenAI expanded the scope of investigation into the technology company Hugging Face hacking incident, the company discovered more cases of autonomous AI agents breaking through the quarantine environment. 8. International oil prices rose on the 31st. By the close of the day, light crude oil futures for September delivery on the New York Mercantile Exchange rose $1.08, or 1.29%, to close at $84.67 a barrel; London Brent crude oil futures for September delivery rose $1.09, or 1.22%, to close at $90.12 a barrel.

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