On November 6, 2026, aTyr Pharma, Inc. (the "Company") filed a prospectus supplement (the "Prospectus Supplement") related to the sale of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Common Stock") with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $79,994,251 from time to time under the Company’s Open Market Sale AgreementSM, dated April 22, 2022, as amended December 23, 2024 (the "Sales Agreement"), by and between the Company and Jefferies LLC. The Prospectus Supplement was filed under the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-289360), which was initially filed with the SEC on August 7, 2025, and which was declared effective on August 18, 2025. A copy of the legal opinion as to the legality of the $79,994,251 of shares of Common Stock issuable under the Sales Agreement and covered by the Prospectus Supplement is filed as Exhibit 5.1 attached hereto.

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